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- … of history. The process included an esoteric dimension, which made the sovereign pontiff into the “great demiurge of universal civilization,” and Charlemagne into a “modern trismegistos”—the latter term referring to the doctrine of hermeticism. Driven by this spiritual omnipotence, divine …
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- … an essential reference in conceiving relations between different political units. The secular power transcending that of sovereigns passed, via Charlemagne, to the Holy Roman Emperor, while spiritual power belonged to the pope in Rome, the vicar of Christ. Nevertheless, the gradual …
Article
- … and had enabled the realization of a collective destiny. Bonald traced the birth—if not the first expression—of this destiny back to Charlemagne, promising a thousand year fate for this alliance of monarchy and Christianity. The Crusades symbolically sealed this complicity …
Article
- … most historians of the period see the national idea emerging with the Treaty of Verdun (843), which marked the break-up of the empire of Charlemagne. In the French case, a historiographical movement, set out by Colette Beaune and later Myriam Yardeni, defined a sense of community, …
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- … in 1455, in Le mystère de la Passion penned by the dramatist and theologian Arnoul Greban, its origins go further back to the roots of Europe. Charlemagne, for instance, took the title of “pacifier of the Saxons” in 785, a feat of arms and political endeavour thus being inscribed in his …
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- … a European figure, which it did by organizing an exhibition on Queen Christine of Sweden in 1966, one year after an exhibition was held on Charlemagne. Taken up in 1980 by Italy, which hosted a major event on Medici Florence and Tuscany, this idea inspired the exhibition on Otto the …
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- … chronicle tradition, most notably the tall tales associated with the supposed foundation of the city by Julius Caesar, and its re-foundation by Charlemagne. While often construed as exercises in pure critical scholarship, such features were part of a larger project designed to foster the …